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"In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most countries in Europe and English-speaking countries outside Europe experienced a fertility transition, where fertility fell from high levels to relatively low levels. England and the other English-speaking countries experienced this from the 1870s, while fertility in Australia began to fall in the 1880s.This book investigates the fertility transition in Tasmania, the second settled colony of Australia, using both statistical evidence and historical sources. The book examines detailed evidence from the 1904 New South Wales Royal Commission into the Fall in the Birth Rate, which the Commissioners regarded as applying not only to NSW, but to every state in Australia.Many theories have been proposed as to why fertility declined at this time: theories of economic and social development; economic theories; diffusion theories; the spread of secularisation; increased availability of artificial methods of contraception; and changes in the rates of infant and child mortality. The role of women in the fertility transition has generally been ignored.The investigation concludes that fertility declined in Tasmania in the late 19th century in a period of remarkable social and economic transformation, with industrialisation, urbanisation, improvements in transport and communication, increasing levels of education and opportunities for social mobility. One of the major social changes was in the status and role of women, who became the driving force behind the fertility decline."

Tasmania --- Australasian & Pacific history --- Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900 --- Population & demography --- Birth control, contraception, family planning --- Women's health --- Fertility, Human. --- Human fertility --- Natality --- Demography --- Human reproduction --- Infertility

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Fertility --- Marriage --- Contraception --- Public Policy --- Fertility, Human --- Birth control --- Population policy --- Fécondité humaine --- Mariage --- Contrôle des naissances --- Politique démographique --- statistics & numerical data --- Statistics --- Statistics. --- Statistiques --- Demography --- Business & Economics --- Fécondité humaine --- Contrôle des naissances --- Politique démographique --- Population planning --- Conception --- Population control --- Pregnancy --- Married life --- Matrimony --- Nuptiality --- Wedlock --- Birth-rate --- Prevention --- E-books --- Fertility. --- Public Policy. --- statistics & numerical data. --- Social policy --- Reproductive rights --- Family planning --- Love --- Sacraments --- Betrothal --- Courtship --- Families --- Home --- Honeymoons --- Vital statistics

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What do undocumented migrants experience when they try to access healthcare? How do they navigate the (often contradictory) challenges presented by bureaucratic systems, financial pressures, attitudes to migrants, and their own healthcare needs? This urgent study uses a grounded theory approach to explore the ways in which undocumented migrants are included in or excluded from healthcare in a Swiss region. Marianne Jossen explores the ways migrants try to obtain healthcare on their own, with the help of NGOs or via insurance, and how they cope if they fail, whether by using risky strategies to access healthcare or leaving serious health issues untreated. Jossen shows that even for those who succeed, inclusion remains partial and fraught with risks. Based on interviews with migrants, health practitioners and NGO staff and using a rigorous academic approach, Undocumented Migrants and Healthcare is an important contribution to a vital contemporary issue. It is necessary reading for researchers in Public Health and Migration Studies, as well as government and non-governmental organisations in Switzerland and beyond. It will be of interest to anyone concerned with healthcare and migration in the twenty-first century.

Emigration and immigration --- Equality --- Health services accessibility --- Health aspects. --- Health aspects --- Access to health care --- Accessibility of health services --- Availability of health services --- Medical care --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Access --- Migration Studies --- inclusion --- Public Health --- undocumented migrants --- non-governmental organisations --- Switzerland --- healthcare --- Transients and Migrants --- Health Services Accessibility --- Undocumented Immigrants --- Health Policy --- Healthcare Disparities --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access To Care, Health --- Access to Care --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Care --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Medicines --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access to Cares --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Medicine --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Accessibilities, Health Services --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Care, Access to --- Cares, Access to --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Health Services Availability --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Medicine, Access to --- Medicines, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Medically Underserved Area --- Migrant Workers --- Nomads --- Nonmigrants --- Squatters --- Transients --- Migrants --- Migrant --- Migrant Worker --- Migrants and Transients --- Nomad --- Nonmigrant --- Squatter --- Transient --- Worker, Migrant --- Workers, Migrant --- Emigration and Immigration --- Health Care Disparities --- Health Care Inequalities --- Healthcare Disparity --- Healthcare Inequalities --- Disparities, Healthcare --- Disparities, Health Care --- Disparity, Health Care --- Disparity, Healthcare --- Health Care Disparity --- Health Care Inequality --- Healthcare Inequality --- Inequalities, Health Care --- Inequalities, Healthcare --- Inequality, Health Care --- Inequality, Healthcare --- Health Care Policies --- Health Policies --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Health Care --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy Making --- Unauthorized Immigrants --- Undocumented Aliens --- Undocumented Workers --- Alien, Undocumented --- Aliens, Undocumented --- Immigrant, Unauthorized --- Immigrant, Undocumented --- Immigrants, Unauthorized --- Immigrants, Undocumented --- Unauthorized Immigrant --- Undocumented Alien --- Undocumented Immigrant --- Undocumented Worker --- Worker, Undocumented --- Workers, Undocumented

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Central American countries have long defined health as a human right. But in recent years regional trade agreements have ushered in aggressive intellectual property reforms, undermining this conception. Questions of IP and health provisions are pivotal to both human rights advocacy and "free" trade policy, and as this book chronicles, complex political battles have developed across the region. Looking at events in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Guatemala, Angelina Godoy argues that human rights advocates need to approach intellectual property law as more than simply a roster of regulations. IP represents the cutting edge of a global tendency to value all things in market terms: Life forms—from plants to human genetic sequences—are rendered commodities, and substances necessary to sustain life—medicines—are restricted to insure corporate profits. If we argue only over the terms of IP protection without confronting the underlying logic governing our trade agreements, then human rights advocates will lose even when they win.

Drug accessibility --- Drugs --- Free trade --- Human rights --- Intellectual property --- Pharmaceutical policy --- Right to health --- Health care, Right to --- Health, Right to --- Medical care, Right to --- Right to health care --- Right to medical care --- Social rights --- Drug policy --- Drugs and state --- Pharmacy --- Pharmacy and state --- State and drugs --- State and pharmacy --- Medical policy --- IP (Intellectual property) --- Proprietary rights --- Rights, Proprietary --- Intangible property --- Access to drugs --- Accessibility of drugs --- Availability of drugs --- Drug availability --- Patents. --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Health Services Accessibility --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Human Rights --- Intellectual Property --- Intellectual Properties --- Properties, Intellectual --- Property, Intellectual --- Ownership --- Inventions --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Drug Control --- Narcotic and Drug Control --- Pharmaceutic Policy --- Drug Regulations --- Narcotic Control --- Pharmaceutical Policy --- Control, Drug --- Control, Narcotic --- Controls, Drug --- Controls, Narcotic --- Drug Controls --- Drug Regulation --- Narcotic Controls --- Pharmaceutical Policies --- Policies, Pharmaceutical --- Policy, Pharmaceutical --- Regulation, Drug --- Regulations, Drug --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Pharmaceuticals --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drug --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access To Medicines --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Care --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access To Medicine --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Health Services Availability --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Medically Underserved Area --- Patents --- E-books --- Access To Care, Health --- Access to Care --- Access to Medicines --- Access to Cares --- Access to Medicine --- Care, Access to --- Cares, Access to --- Medicine, Access to --- Medicines, Access to --- Accessibilities, Health Services

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This book analyzes the origins and rationale of family planning programs and how they have evolved based on experience in different country settings.

Family planning --- Government aid to family planning --- History --- Management --- Developing countries --- Population policy --- Federal aid to birth control. --- Family Planning Services --- Population Growth --- Family Planning Policy --- Federal aid to family planning --- Federal aid to birth control --- Federal aid --- Birth control --- Population control --- Pregnancy --- Contraception --- Reproductive rights --- History. --- Management. --- Prevention --- Law and legislation --- Finance --- Population policy. --- #SBIB:022.GIFT --- #SBIB:314H233 --- #SBIB:314H290 --- #SBIB:316.356.2H3633 --- Parenthood, Planned --- Planned parenthood --- Planning --- Birth intervals --- Family size --- Geboorteregeling --- Demografisch beleid: algemeen --- Gezinssociologie: bevolkings- en gezinsplanningsprogramma’s --- Government aid --- Family planning - Developing countries - History --- Government aid to family planning - Developing countries - History --- Family planning - Developing countries - Management --- Developing countries - Population policy